“Fictionality” is a term typically associated with novels, short stories and movies. With very few exceptions, research on fictionality has examined it in these generic terms. In the centre of Fictionality Studies we investigate fictionality as a basic human ability and as a rhetorical and communicative strategy in various media and discursive contexts in a way that extricates it from fiction in the generic sense. The aim is to shed new light on how fictionality helps us navigate in a contemporary, mediatized cultural context, and how fictionality has been used in various historical contexts to legitimize or delegitimize actions and utterances.